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the roots of three plain, Satricum

Satricum, Archaeology Pontina




5 dates to remember:
1896: discovery of Satricum
1977: discovery the "Lapis Satricanum"
ninth century BC: the construction of the village will then Satricum
2003: Inauguration of the tour of the site and introductory exposure.
2006: Inauguration of the documentation center of the site.



Talking site means Satricum dispel many myths dispelled those in its discovery.
First myth: Satricum is the archaeological site of the city of Latina, and as such testimony to the fact that the plain Pontina was not exactly a malarial swamp uninhabited but, indeed, found space for a city and was home to a flourishing network of roads that linking the North and the South
Myth: The first construction phase of Satricum from the IX-VIII century BC. If we consider that the Romans began their expansion in the third century. BC, we can deduce that they were not the first and only popular in the plain before 1800, and this without considering the prehistory!
At the time of the founding and development of Satricum, Italy revolved around two great cultural centers: the Etruscan (which began just north of Rome) and the Great Greek (which was already beginning south of Terracina). But besides these two worlds in close communication with the Mediterranean, there were many people who base their economy on agriculture and pastoralism and who lived in the Italian countryside: people just Italians. The Volsci were between them and, perhaps, were also among the most powerful and important. Satricum Volsci was a city founded by Volsci and, therefore, in constant conflict with Rome, a city that has lived its glory in a fairly turbulent period, hovering between identity and Italica Roman conquests, but has always had as a benchmark its identity of the temple of Mater Matuta, the nerve center of the religion of the entire plain. (See adjacent town).

However, the site was not only his time, was a real city that the archaeological excavations conducted by Dutch universities are bringing to light.
Third myth to dispel: the Dutch did not come here of their own volition to strip our site but have been invited to conduct scientific research on our behalf. To understand this, we know the history of research:
- Satricum was discovered in 1896 by Hector Graillot who discovered the temple of Mater Matuta Hill Ironworks. Felice Barnabei, Adolfo Cozza and Raniero Mengarelli led the early research (1896-98) that unearthed tombs, huts and of course the temple itself.
-A period of darkness, a sort of pause for thought in those years was archeology which earned toward his stage "scientific" and not just "raid Read findings. The search resumed with Iacopi Giulio (1937) with Maria Santangelo first and then but nothing really important was achieved.
-At this point in the game the Dutch: in the sixties and seventies the archaeological site was transformed into a vineyard. Alarmed by the danger of destruction, the newly-created Committee for Archaeology Latium "(born 1974) asked the Institute of Dutch Rome to resume the research to save and protect the site as possible.
- Already in the first season, Conrad Stibbe, managed to bring forth perhaps the most important find in the city: "Lapis Satricanum", an archaic Latin inscription dedicated to publish Valerio.
- research by the Dutch went ahead and continue, first in collaboration with the University of Groningen (Marianne Kleibrink) and then with the University of Amsterdam, led by Dr. Marijke Gnade.

short, no one came to steal anything and nothing happens without authorization by the Italian web Satricum, if anything we should thank those who bring forward a job that we should do as fortunate heirs of a rich history.

few questions: Why was it so important even today Satricum not give enough weight? The answer is almost trivial for the same reasons for which, in more recent eras, it was decided to invest in the Pontine plain, making the industrial center of Rome and a large area of \u200b\u200bfarmland that has allowed the development of villages, towns and cities also important, the favorable geographical conditions.
As archaeologists do understand that a city is Volsci or Roman? And how can they have a clear framework of historical events that have affected?
In fact, the first evidence that we investigate on a site are those which should be more distinctive and determined by a historical point of view as well as the most spectacular and pleasing to behold: the Tepli and tombs. Satricum It is not stingy in this regard: the temple of Mater Matuta necropolis of the city and numerous enough to have an accurate picture of events that have affected and peoples involved.
To conclude this journey into the past then, let us be guided by the archaeologist. Satricum the temple was dedicated to a god who had an importance of respect for the Italian people and, indeed, was quite a landmark in the collective balance of the period as essential divinity: the Mater Matuta, the mother of the morning sunrise of life that begins and as such tutelary deity of pregnant women and of life itself. This is, without doubt, the fundamental core around which revolved the life of the city both from a spiritual perspective and social buildings and topography. The temple of Mater Matuta in fact, lies at the heart of what was defined as the Acropolis of the city, which is the administrative and social center of the city itself. Acropolis were the most important places of worship, buildings and administrative systems of representation, always here, there is the public life of cities. In most cases then, the Acropolis was found in the topographically highest point of the territory, so that was clearly visible to all and that everything was visible from there (try to remember where is located the Parthenon in Athens in order to have a better idea). Wanting to force a comparison with our company, the Acropolis was what for us is the town square or cathedral. In fact, however, recognize the existence of an acropolis and a city means imply its proximity to the topographic model greek first and then rather than Roman Italic, the public life of Rome in fact took place in places defined as "holes", a model of public area much closer to our streets than the Acropolis.

The architectural phases

The City has experienced at least four architectural phases, corresponding roughly to the architectural phases of the Temple (see diagram and timeline).

The Phase VII-IX century. BC: In this period Satricum as elsewhere in Italy is still living in huts round or oval partially excavated in the soil to retain heat and allow to stand despite a roof is not very high compared to the ground. The floor was dirt, the walls in rushes or plaited reeds or shrubs covered with dried mud or plaster in the case of the most important buildings and home life revolved around the hearth, usually placed at the center of the house. Satricum began as a gathering of their huts at the Acropolis. The first architectural phase of the Temple is just a hut with a fireplace in the center and in which, subsequently, was made (perhaps in conjunction with the destruction of the premises) to hold a votive votive gifts religious objects (statues, vases Ceramic and miniature, buckles and related subjects to the sphere of female activities such as bobbins and loom weights). The tombs of this welcome but still cremation burials also begin to appear (or the burial of the entire body) in most important tombs, family type and constructed hut-shaped, as if to remind the intention of continuing the afterlife.

II Phase VII-V century BC: It 's the time when you start to build in masonry at least for the most important buildings. Acropolis of Satricum, instead of the hut, is the so-called "shrine", a rectangular room with roof light elements, in which it continued to celebrate the cult as demonstrated once again the finds in the votive deposit. The houses began to be constructed in brick and the streets take on the most defined and sometimes, as in the case of the highway leading to the temple, monuments. At the beginning of this phase is attributed the beautiful chamber tomb rich with bronze which indicates the presence of at least one prominent family on the site.

Phase III 550 to 500 BC. instead of the shrine but with his same approach is built another temple, called "The Temple" surrounded by columns on all sides except the back (periptero postico sine) as Italica typical structure of the temple. In this phase, the Etruscan influence is very evident. As in the phase of the chapel, the roof of the temple consists of wooden beams, is covered with tiles and tiles and decorated with what are called "archiettoniche crockery. The Etruscans were in Italy, the masters of this art that were then passed the Romans. On the roofs of the temples were made decorations even as complex as some mythological scenes. The pieces of pottery that made these scenes were almost always painted with lively colors and donavano the temple look lively and charming and impressive at the same time. However, despite adopt a technique that then become established, the roof of the temple of Satricum is an early example has already found and decorative motifs such as the innovative technique of painting on black. Recognizable change in the temple can be associated with one of the streets, as it will be for the next step. The importance of the city in this period is also recognizable by the presence of a wall boundary constructed by the technique dell'Aggere (ie the bank)

Phase IV: the early fifth century (500-480 BC) the temple takes on even greater importance in view of worship italics so as to require a reconstruction. The Temple is demolished to make way for a temple larger and with a different orientation than the previous, perhaps to trace a new urban plan of the city itself. The temple has a new architecture more complex than the previous year. The columns surrounding the now full and the roof, more complex than the previous one, is decorated with a larger variety of shapes and decoration as well as the statues of the same clay-size placed on top.
In the construction of this temple was also used a block of tufa, which turned out to be one of the most important finds from the site: The Lapis satricanum.
This block tuff with the famous inscription was made in the Archaic period (in the historic period in between time 0 and I) probably as a base of a statue. The text is devoted to a (see background text of the page) to the war god Mars by associates (members of a fraternity) of the Roman consul Pubbli Valerio. Importance of this dedication is in the historic confirmation of the existence of this mythical character of the Roman Republic is considered one of the founding fathers of the same. Publius Valerius said Poplicola (anyone can remember looking through a school book) was the subject of one of the famous biographies of Plutarch in which the law was re-elected four times consul of Rome, a privilege granted to few.
The tradition of votive deposits continues in this period. Behind the temple was found a deposit dated to between 350 and 200 BC It 'clear that the processions to bring gifts to the temple should be increased as the importance of it. These votive deposits in fact, are nothing more than "closets" where the gifts were accumulated that the faithful brought to the temple to ingratiate the gods (a bit like our ornaments and figurines of various saints) and that did not end in a matter of trade operated by the priests but remained at the temple.
The burials of this period speak Volsci. I conquered volsci Satricum in 488 BC and remained there until the arrival of the Romans. The tombs of this period show with their complex spatial organization, the existence of a society as complex and layered but roughly egalitarian. The graves are simple pits dug in the ground where the dead were placed supine with more or less depending on the kit is important.

remains to ask what happens to the site now, after its rediscovery. We live in a period
Lucky Town, where you can look back with scientific techniques and draw conclusions that can affect our future and our present as inheritors of culture and unique natural beauty, but often forget. And so, good things should be valued and passed on to our children end up in oblivion, suffocated by moneyed bad things ... but the question is important we feel about our history and the history of our area to feel enthusiastic players of the same to build its future? If so we have to strive to maintain and advertise in places like Satricum as not only beautiful but useful. The City of Latina and the Superintendence for Archaeological Heritage Lazio have done, albeit on two distinct roads, the first step to make it happen. On the site now there are two realities: a structure that covers and protects the temple associated with an educational tour at the archaeological park that illustrates the substance and importance and a trail within the former ironworks, in a structure that was renamed "documentation area" complete with 3D panels and stereography site.
I can not help but wonder why the existence of two paths when all they need a well made and because of the lack of a single entity to which they refer to the use of these goods, but the important thing is to start and so things will improve, we need people to step forward and participate by making a gesture as simple as visiting the site and do not complain if there is a price (too often paltry) input or a fee to be paid to those who takes you on a guided tour. The things of quality, on the other hand, have paid the price and things take on value ... enjoy your visit!


History Satricum

Before the fifth century. Satricum is never named but is first of its glory then living
500-480 BC Satricum participates in various events of the wars against Rome as a city Volsci Latina.
Rome 390 BC by the division of land in the territory Satricum using a peace treaty signed with Volsci. These, annoyed, cause last fierce resistance to Rome.
386 BC M. Furio Camillo first and the dictator A. Cornelius then Cosso (385) defeated Volsci, Latin and Ernici at Satricum and conquer. A colony of two thousand Roman citizens, is determined to Satricum.
383 BC Volsci Satricum resume.
381 BC M. Furio Camillo and L. Furio attempt to regain Satricum.
377 BC The consular tribunes P. Valerio and L. Emilio Volsci and defeated the Latins at Satricum. The city is destroyed and burned permanently save the temple.
Volsci 349 BC to rebuild Antium the city. I1
346 BC consul M. Valerio Corvo conquer the city and the fire, the temple is spared.
341 BC Volsci gather at Satricum. After that we no longer know anything about the city until 207 BC when it tells of a thunderbolt fell on the temple.

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The roots of Po 2, the Circeo

Circeo, the cradle of the Plains.

In this second chapter of our journey in the history of the Pontine plain, it is called the promontory of the Circeo. Here, indeed, are preserved the earliest evidence of human settlement in the history of the area. Circeo not only hides the little corners of paradise resort for the Homo sapiens of today, was also an island of rock in the middle of a vast plain where game abounded for the first Neanderthal hunting groups and the later prehistoric sapiens.
We talked about our neanderthal cousins \u200b\u200bin the previous article we have described them as a whole evolution of European Homo herectus that, perhaps because they are too specialized, has become extinct on arrival of Homo sapiens less specialized. What does it mean for us to be less specialized Neanderthal? This is not an offense, do not let us feel the branch of the unfortunate family. In the long run in fact, this child has done that encourages specialization in the conquest of the earth: Neanderthals were short and stubby limbs and torso to prevent loss of heat from the noses of large cracks that allow cold air to store and mix before push it into the lungs. In short, they were a product of evolution for cold climates.
Homo sapiens evolved from herectus in Central Africa and has conquered the world in a few thousand years. When he arrived in Europe, in full ice age, probably has "chosen" (it may be a precise term from evolutionary point of view) not physically fit but use creativity to "cover more" and "shelter better."
Homo neanderthalensis lived in Europe at the turn of the glacial (Riss and Wurm). The climate during this period was cooler and less hardened today, the Arctic ice caps also came to cover part of northern Europe and, consequently, this large amount of ice water to sea water subtracted. The level of the Mediterranean Sea was the lowest of the Pontine plain and was more extensive. During glacial periods the Circeo, there seem strange to imagine, had no water at his feet but a plain rich in rivers and marshes, the place of aggregation of small and large mammals. The promontory offered, therefore, a great deal of strategic points for hunting as well as natural shelters for many groups of people. It was, in essence, a balcony on a very full fridge.
between two glacial periods there was a warm period, often warmer than the current (which in fact is called tempered) called "interglacial" and during which the ice caps melted by raising the sea level even at higher levels than today's . In essence, when the climate became similar to the current tropical climates, the Circeo became an island as they appear today Ponza, etc. Ventotene.

was, consequently, in the glacial periods that had the maximum population on the headland just because of its strategic position and is also why, for a certain period of time, Neanderthals and Sapiens have lived and met right here on the Circeo and a few other places in Europe (as far as I know) during the last glacial period (see table depth). We can not know how, that is, if you've got a war or have lived together peacefully, if they have submitted or when they competed on the hunting grounds. What we do know is that the Circeo was one of the places where this encounter took place.

This story is written in the land filling of natural caves scattered on the headland. Here, the men who lived have left traces of their passage through the remains of food processing remains of stone tools and remains of homes.

One of these caves the first to be investigated, the cave was "Guattari" Neanderthal Hotel located on the coast.
The most famous prehistoric cave in central Italy was discovered during excavations for the works of burglary for the extraction of limestone at the base of the hill of Morrone (eastern end of the promontory) February 24, 1939. The first archaeologist to enter was Prof. Blanc recognized that a paleosol (a portion of land remained unchanged since prehistoric times) going back some 50,000 years ago. On the ground he found many fragments bones of animals and, above all, a fossil skull of Homo neanderthalensis, one of the first discovered in Europe and still today one of the most important. The skull had two tracks of mutilation: an orbit around the right eye and one around the foramen magnum, the point where the skull meets the spine. Prof. Blanc, by comparing the skull with the "prey" of Melanesian headhunters, spoke of "practice of cannibalism."

The alleged cannibalism of the Neanderthals, however, was officially denied in 1989 when, at an international symposium held in Sabaudia, all scholars agreed in the definition of the paleosol One hyena den cave in which the bones were nothing more than the remains of his meals and meals of her puppies.
The excavation of the cave has also clarified everything from a temporal point of view. The cave was used by groups of neanderthal hunters between 75,000 and 55,000 years ago, after the abandonment, a landslide occluded the entrance of the cave and this was transformed into a hyena den at about 50,000 years ago when the head of an unfortunate Neanderthal man was transported to the den as a meal.

But despite his fame, Guattari cave is not the only important part of the Circeo. Cave "goats" for example, has, at about 8 m above sea level, a line that indicates the marine transgression (increase sea \u200b\u200blevel which isolated the Circeo) of the last interglacial (Riss-Wurm, see table) outlined by the traces of the dates of the sea, suitable for small holes along the walls of the cave. Still inside the cave, evidence of this warm period, were found fossils of hippopotamus. In the caves of Fossellone "," Breuil "and" Barbara "was able to read the passage between neanderthal and sapiens and their meeting. Besides that, thanks to the human remains, archaeologists distinguish the employment levels of two species of man, through the ruins of their stone tools.
To conclude our journey in Paleolithic times, we can highlight some discoveries of stone tools in the canal water averages between Latin America and Borgo Montello and Borgo Le Ferriere. In the following
Paleolithic Mesolithic, a period distinguished only in terms of archeology and that it is possible to discern the Circeo promontory on the south-west, in places Cava d'Alabastro in the small shelter Blanc.

The next step in the history of the plains will cover the transition to the Neolithic, when agriculture was invented. Take the stages that led to the oldest village in the region to Satricum (Borgo Le Ferriere) and try to understand its importance.

Dr. Mastroleo

ice ages and DATE

Below is a list of major glaciations that affected Europe. Recent studies have shown that glacial periods may have been more than four but those identified here are presented in geologic sediments of caves and thanks to changes in the coastline on the headland.

The period covered by this article are those of Riss and Würm

Pleistocene

1. interglacial Donau-Günz (1.7 to 1.2 million years ago)
   
2. glaciation Günz (1,200,000 to 700,000 years ago)

Middle Pleistocene

1. Günz-Mindel interglacial (700,000 to 650,000 years ago)
   
2. Mindel glaciation (650,000 to 300,000 years ago)
   
3. integlaciazione Mindel-Riss (300,000 to 250,000 years ago)
   
4. Riss glaciation (250000-120000 years ago)

Pleistocene top

1. integlaciazione Riss-Würm (120,000 - 80,000 years ago)
   
2. Würm glaciation (80,000 to 10,000 years ago)

REFERENCES:

The prehistoric caves.

Foundation ZEI

File in distribution within the permanent exhibition "Homo sapiens and Habitat" c / o Tower of the Templars, S. Felice Circeo (LT)

or visit Link:

http://www.fondazionemarcellozei.com/

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Some photos taken by me in my

Cork, Ireland in March 2006


Mica, close


Yoruk, a pastoral people nomads of the Taurus Mountains, southern Turkey.
September 2004





sunset on BRNA
Croatia, island of Korcula
Summer 2002





Matera, the stones.
of light
winter of 2004-2005


Balconies ...
center of Massafra (TA)
April 2006

Vieste, Gargano

May 2005

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The roots of the Po

starts this month, a new column dedicated to archeology. Many wonder what the purpose of this subject and what are the differences from the story. As the story starts with documents of all types to manufacture facts and historical events, Archaeology studies, from the material remains (ie what is left buried in the ground), the daily lives of our ancestors and the historical nature of those prehistoric. In Basically, the Archaeology is concerned with the study of our roots and our most ancient origins.
The most obvious consideration that every latinense can do at this point is that, in reality, no one has historical roots in this area. Many are from the Veneto, Campania others, and some Roman or Calabria or Pugliese, and so on. In this case, however, archeology allows us to play with time and explore far and wide by becoming all relative.
is just playing with time, in fact, we discover that the pontine territory of the roots we all share. Who can say they did not feel or Volsci descendant of the Romans? Who can say that I feel part of the events that in the Middle Ages have affected the Pontine plain? From the construction of monasteries and castles in fortified towns. And most importantly, who can say they feel relieved by the events that led us to become who we are, even from a physical point of view? I mean, who can say they did not feel a homo sapiens?
It is from here that will start our journey in the history of the territory of Latium, S. Felice Circeo, where, in the late '40s and '70s, campaigns have been conducted focused research to reconstruct the prehistoric situation of the promontory and the surrounding plains in prehistory.
To understand the importance of Circeo, we must move in Africa. Is there, in fact, that has "evolved" homo sapiens, and that's where we must turn to know .

The little man ...

The man has a defined process that has led a group of apes lived in Africa about 7 million years ago modern humans to evolve, a process that ended 200,000 years ago with the emergence of homo sapiens, but that has known during its development, several other players.
Thanks to the contribution of paleontology has been possible to identify the set of ancestors who have preceded men Circeo and, lately, thanks to genetics, it is possible to speak of an evolutionary line quite defined. The following is a summary description and diagram atic main species that have preceded us on earth from which descend (also see images):

-all species of Australopithecus (like the famous Lucy) 4.5 to 2.5 MA (million years) BC, exactly halfway between a gorilla and a man, they already had a mastery of the upright but still had very long arms and adapted to arboreal life very large molars and strong, suitable for chewing of roots and fruit have thick skin.

- homo habilis 2.5 to 1.5 MA BC: a cross between Australopithecus and man, but nearest to the first, is the first species using stone tools. Still has, however, arboreal features.

- homo erectus 1.5 MA - 70,000 BC is the first kind with fully human characteristics. It was the first to leave Africa and conquer Europe and Asia to the Philippines and China. He was able to use the fire and produced more complex instruments of homo habilis. Some scholars believe it was also able to navigate and to articulate speech sounds similar to ours.

- Homo neanderthalensis 100000-35000 BC: The only true European ancestor of man right here has evolved from homo erectus , for which he features Fundamental such thick eyebrows, big nose, forehead, elongated and flattened with intracranial volume (ie amount of brain) than homo sapiens. In
Guattari cave, cave in goats and shelter Blanch on the promontory of Circeo, between 80,000 and 40,000 years BC, this was the species that hunt in the valley below that, at that time, due to the current ice age, was much larger current.

- While Neanderthals evolved and spread to Europe, Africa, Eastern Europe, in the same area where erectus had evolved, was born the first homo sapiens , so-called archaic and dated to 200,000 years BC From this
time onwards, the rise of sapiens has been unstoppable. In a short time (relatively), has conquered the world: Middle East (70 to 50,000 BC), Australia (50000 BC), Europe (40000 BC), the Far East (40000 BC) and America (from 20 to 15,000 BC).
to shop of the unstoppable rise of sapiens, in Europe, was the poor neanderthal. While the rest of the world met sapiens erectus or wilderness in Europe met with what we have always considered it one of our cousin and instead, in light of recent genetic discoveries, it turned out to be a distant relative of an extinct branch of the family.
fact, while many theories about the evolution of homo sapiens assumed a its origin directly from neanderthal, genetics has disproved this hypothesis. It has been demonstrated through the genetic study of many peoples, that all descended from African ancestors and, in particular, a single father and a mother whose only carry the genetic imprint, a sort of Adam and Eve's DNA.

In the next issue we will try to better understand the differences between our way of life and that of Neanderthals, in the light of discoveries made in the Circeo.
From there we will move then to more recent times to reach Satricum (Montello town) first and then the Romans.
The final bet this trip will be to feel all a bit 'most pontine and a bit' more aware the history of the area in which we live to appreciate and love him a little more.

Dr. Mastroleo

if you want to know more, send me an e-mail:

a.selvaggia @ libero.it

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Mafia

What is the mafia? Who is the mafia?
The Sicilian people has always been a people wise was able to give a name to something intangible, fluid and intangible, of "underground" ... and you know, when you give a name to something you have in part, enters fully into consciousness and becomes a part of our lives. The award is the first essential step: the Mafia is a name!
That said, what is this name?
you ever look around? I say in your daily life. You do not know anyone who has found work because someone else helped him, submitted it to a friend of a friend, a relative of his wife's aunt
etc ... Of course! And this, like giving the name to something, is the first step towards the mob: create debt of honor. If you think about it, soon you realize that everything around us has something Mafioso in his nature: that the mayor is doing only in the maintenance of good neighborhood city, the country road that bypasses a ground that "could not be expropriated," the friend who has just the middle school and takes a job for which you must at least be qualified, the employee of the municipality that spends the day talking, drinking coffee smoking and instead attend to the practices without being ever taken by anyone, the archaeological excavation that is open and never closed because "the money to serve other"
... And that's just talk about the world of so-called "work". Why, if we look at the University change anything? Ever heard of a professor of cartography in teaching geography, but just happens to have graduated in philosophy! Nothing wrong with that if they could do their job ... too bad they think that a line joining the contour lines and points situated at the same altitude but not at the same level average sea level ... as if between the two there was a difference ... "and not afford to contradict because the teachers did not contradict each other, you're a cocky if you do ... "
" But teacher, the book that you told us to study so it is written ... "
" no matter what is written in the book, know the books are wrong! You have to learn what I tell you! "
And then, if you want to do a thesis studying the situation in Turkey can not because funds, which by law they exist, have been given to the student council. " So far, it should be a boon for students, but ... "You are deployed with some student association?" "No, I'm just a student pays taxes in this University ..." "I'm sorry, if you are not endorsed by anyone you can not ... "" But I am a student and you are the student council, not the student associations ... "" Never mind, we plan to do a study holiday in Cuba with our association ... and those of the association instead organized a mega-concert ... this money for your own research we can not give you anything ... "" but, guys, you realize? The University should focus on research and ... "" What? ... I'm sorry, I must leave you, I have an important appointment, I have an appointment with the rector ... "

Yes, because we are the mafia, who remain silent and not say anything in front of these things. The Mafia is a name and the Sicilians were brilliant inventiveness, gave a face to something, now can recognize it and, if desired, fight!
As you would call a politician who is a law to avoid going to jail by releasing this "burden" all those who, like him, they stole money and dignity to our citizens for years ... not the mafia, it's not Sicilian, let's see here ... ... call it ...
That's the problem, did not name this thing, how do we fight it?
And if by tomorrow morning on TV they spoke only of Golf and all the news not related to golf were not passed? 'd End to think that the whole world has started to play golf, then ... "is just that you begin to do that, I'd be different if I did not!"
know what a beautiful world? Only balls, holes and clubs from morning to night ... a big splash!
And if tomorrow instead, turning on the TV spoke only a quarter of the world, only one quarter of what happens ... and it is only that which pleases the fourth who manages and administers the TV, economists and politicians (even worse if the two categories overlap). Our perception of the world would be less than half, would be one fourth of the real, the fourth of interest to someone else who decided for us what is important and what is not.

But, if tomorrow the information we did we succeed? If we stop to listen to newspaper reporters and stop talking about "men and women" or "Friends" and talk about the last film we saw at the cinema ...
And if we stop to keep silent, hoping that the arrival 'man of the center solver left to remove all evil?
And if tomorrow, at work or university, we went from our boss or the teacher and we say what we think?
And if getting on the train late twentieth of one hour in a month we choose "all" not to pay the ticket for a month to recover all the money we spent for a service ever received?
agissimo And if instead of talking and complaining?
Maybe everyone stop being mafia, because this is what we are as long as we remain in silence: the Mafia is not just those who kill and commands, and even those who remain to watch without saying anything. Indeed, it is mainly those who remain in silence, watching

...